Optimization of the Ocular Treatment Following Organophosphate Nerve Agent Insult

Organophosphate nerve agent toxicity in Hydra attenuata.

The toxicity for analogues of sarin (GB), soman (GD), and VX was evaluated using Hydra attenuata as a model organism. The organophosphate nerve agent analogue simulants used in this investigation included the following: isopropyl p-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate (for GB); pinacolyl p-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate (for GD); and diisopropyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl)phosphorothioate, diethyl S-(2...

Acetylcholinesterase-based organophosphate nerve agent sensing photonic crystal.

We developed a polymerized crystalline colloidal array (PCCA) photonic crystal sensing material that senses the organophosphorus compound parathion at ultratrace concentrations in aqueous solutions. A periodic array of colloidal particles is embedded in a hydrogel network with a lattice spacing such that it Bragg diffracts visible light. The molecular recognition agent for the sensor is the enz...

From the Research of Cholinesterase Reactivators to the Effective Therapy of Organophosphate/nerve Agent Poisoning

Nerve agents belong to the most toxic organophosphates (OP) in the group of cholinesterase inhibitors. They can be used as chemical warfare agents and, they can be (and were) misused by terrorists, as happened in Matsumoto city (1994) and Tokyo subway (1995). Sarin was used in these cases. Medical protection against their effect (i.e. antidotal treatment) is of prime importance (Bajgar 2004, 20...

Structural insights into the dual activities of the nerve agent degrading organophosphate anhydrolase/prolidase.

The organophosphate acid anhydrolase (OPAA) is a member of a class of bimetalloenzymes that hydrolyze a variety of toxic acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting organophosphorus compounds, including fluorine-containing chemical nerve agents. It also belongs to a family of prolidases, with significant activity against various Xaa-Pro dipeptides. Here we report the X-ray structure determination of the na...

Intermediate Syndrome Following Organophosphate Poisoning